Tag: cybersecurity

Iceland prepares for next-generation cybersecurity

Agency News, Cyber Security CII sector, Industry News
A booming data-centre industry and plans to improve connectivity are amplifying Iceland’s role in the global digital ecosystem.
Experts estimate that Iceland loses nearly USD 72 million (ISK 10 billion) to cybercrime each year – equivalent to roughly 0.3 per cent of the north Atlantic island nation’s gross domestic product.
Bringing together the wide range of institutions and experts that regulate, implement, and maintain cybersecurity systems can be a daunting task.
The GCI measures each country’s level of development and engagement in terms of five dimensions of cybersecurity: legal measures, technical measures, organizational measures, capacity development, and cooperation. The result is aggregated into an overall score and ranked among others worldwide.
In fast-moving fields like cybersecurity important steps related to documentation, coordination, and deliberation are easily neglected. To address this challenge, the Cyber Security Council used the GCI framework to review and revise national cybersecurity priorities, considering the framework in the context of Iceland’s priorities.
At the 2020 ITU Global CyberDrill online events, a series of sessions promoting hands-on exercises for national Computer Incident Response Teams (CIRTs), discussions on current cybersecurity issues and information sharing sessions, Iceland’s Cyber Security Council worked with practitioners from across the island to document the island’s readiness to withstand cyberattacks. Identifying best practices from around the world, the local experts discussed ways to improve their own ecosystem.
Efforts like this helped Iceland boost its GCI performance from 87th to 77th in the global rankings between 2017 and 2018 – and the results of this continued commitment will be revealed in the forthcoming 2020 edition of the Global Cybersecurity Index.
Room to improve
Iceland’s mapping of its cybersecurity progress demonstrates the GCI’s versatility. While such tools are mainly promoted to build capacity in developing countries, similar kinds of engagement can also benefit the most developed.
Technical measures, such as its frameworks for implementing cybersecurity standards, are similarly ripe for improvement. These actions would complement the country’s existing Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-IS) and the Icelandic National Cybersecurity Strategy.
[Source: ITU]
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NCSC CEO warns that ransomware is key cyber threat

Agency News, Cyber Security CII sector, Industry News
The chief of the UK’s National Cyber Security Centre said ransomware was the key threat facing the UK and urged the public and business to take it seriously.
Speaking virtually to an audience at the Royal United Services Institute (RUSI) Annual Security Lecture, Lindy Cameron warned of the “cumulative effect” of failing to properly deal with the rising threat.
She also revealed the threat faced by think tanks, noting that it is “almost certain” that the primary cyber threat they face is from nation state espionage groups, and it is highly likely that they seek to gain strategic insights into government policy and commercially sensitive information.
The CEO of the NCSC – which is a part of GCHQ – also warned that for the vast majority of UK citizens and organisations, the primary key threat is not state actors but cyber criminals.
She highlighted the importance of building organisational cyber resilience which, in combination with government capabilities and law enforcement action, is the most effective way to counter threats in cyberspace.
Lindy Cameron said:
“For most UK citizens and businesses, and indeed for the vast majority of critical national infrastructure providers and government service providers, the primary key threat is not state actors but cyber criminals, and in particular the threat of ransomware.
“While government is uniquely able to disrupt and deter our adversaries, it is network defenders in industry, and the steps that all organisations and citizens are taking that are protecting the UK from attacks, day in, day out.
“The protection they provide is crucial to the digital transformation of the economy, and every organisation, large and small, has a role to play.”
On the recent rise in ransomware attacks, Lindy Cameron noted that the ecosystem is evolving through the Ransomware as a Service (RaaS) model, whereby ransomware variants and commodity listings are available off the shelf for a one-off payment or a share of the profits.
As the RaaS model has become increasingly successful, with criminal groups securing significant ransom payments from large profitable businesses who cannot afford to lose their data to encryption or to suffer the down time while their services are offline, the market for ransomware has become increasingly “professional”.
Elsewhere, Lindy Cameron also set out the context of the Integrated Review and forthcoming cyber strategy, highlighting the need to better integrate our security, economic, technical, and diplomatic capabilities in support of shared national objectives.
She outlined how our allies and adversaries alike are betting on cyber, and that the UK needs to continue setting the pace.
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Italy announced the creation of the national cybersecurity agency

Agency News, Cyber Security CII sector, Industry News
The Italian government has announced the creation of a new agency focused on cybersecurity. Prime Minister Mario Draghi provided its strong commitment to the creation of the agency that is tasked to protect the country and its critical national infrastructure from cyber threats.
The creation of the agency follows warnings by Prime Minister Mario Draghi that Europe needed to protect itself from Russian "interference". The announcements comes after a slew of ransomware attacks in recent months, with recent high profile examples including Colonial Pipeline and JBS.
It will need to "protect national interests and the resilience of services and essential functions of the State from cyber threats," a government statement said. Speaking in Brussels, following a European Union summit, Draghi said urgent action was needed.
"We need to strengthen ourselves a lot, especially in terms of cybersecurity, all of us, at national level and at EU level... because the level of [Russian] interference both with spies and with manipulation of the web has become truly alarming," he said.
The new Italian cybersecurity agency will develop and implement cyber strategies to prevent, monitor, detect and mitigate cyber attacks, and increase the level of cyber security of the country’ infrastructures.
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ACSC’s Critical Infrastructure Uplift Program (CI-UP) will help to protect Australia’s essential services from cyber threats

Agency News, Cyber Security CII sector, Industry News
The ACSC is calling for ACSC Partners to help pilot the Critical Infrastructure Uplift Program (CI-UP). CI-UP will help protect Australia’s essential services from cyber threats by raising the security levels of critical infrastructure organisations. CI-UP is part of the Australian Signals Directorate’s Cyber Enhanced Situational Awareness and Response (CESAR) package and compliments the Australian Government’s ongoing work to protect critical infrastructure security through proposed amendments to the Security of Critical Infrastructure Act 2018.
CI-UP will build knowledge and expertise for critical infrastructure providers to strengthen their cyber defences. CI-UP has been designed to:
- evaluate critical infrastructure cyber security maturity;
- deliver prioritised vulnerability and risk mitigation recommendations; and
- assist partners to implement the recommended risk mitigation strategies.
Critical infrastructure entities that are ACSC Partners can register their interest via the CI-UP form. Following the pilot, all organisations in the critical infrastructure and systems of national significance sectors, as defined in the Security of Critical Infrastructure Act 2018, can register to participate. If you are not currently an ACSC Partners, and wish to participate in the CI-UP, you will first need to register to become an ACSC Partner through the ACSC Partner Hub.
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NCSC's Early Warning service

Agency News, Cyber Security CII sector, Industry News
Early Warning helps organisations investigate cyber attacks on their network by notifying them of malicious activity that has been detected in information feeds.
Early Warning is a free NCSC service designed to inform your organisation of potential cyber attacks on your network, as soon as possible. The service uses a variety of information feeds from the NCSC, trusted public, commercial and closed sources, which includes several privileged feeds which are not available elsewhere.
Early Warning filters millions of events that the NCSC receives every day and, using the IP and domain names you provide, correlates those which are relevant to your organisation into daily notifications for your nominated contacts via the Early Warning portal.
Organisations will receive the following high level types of alerts:
- Incident Notifications – This is activity that suggests an active compromise of your system.
For example: A host on your network has most likely been infected with a strain of malware.
- Network Abuse Events – This may be indicators that your assets have been associated with malicious or undesirable activity.
For example: A client on your network has been detected scanning the internet.
- Vulnerability and Open Port Alerts – These are indications of vulnerable services running on your network, or potentially undesired applications are exposed to the internet.
For example: You have a vulnerable application, or you have an exposed Elasticsearch service.
Cyber security researchers will often uncover malicious activity on the internet or discover weaknesses in organisations security controls, and release this information in information feeds. In addition, the NCSC or its partners may uncover information that is indicative of a cyber security compromise on a network. The NCSC will collate this information and use this data to alert your organisation about potential attacks on your network.
Full details at www.ncsc.gov.uk/information/early-warning-service
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Cyber attacks on operational technology increasing

Cyber Security CII sector, Industry News
Ransomware: What board members should know and what they should be asking their technical experts
A recent report by FireEye’s Mandiant looked at attacks on operational technology control processes. Once viewed as complex due to access requirements, there are now many more internet-facing endpoints offering a wider attack surface.
Mandiant noted that attackers are not necessarily sophisticated, nor do they know what they are targeting. Graphical user interfaces have been accessed allowing attackers to modify variables without understanding the process being controlled.
The recent attack on Colonial Pipeline disrupted supply lines causing shortages is just one of a number of attacks against critical infrastructure networks.
Last year, in joint work, the NCSC released information for Critical National Infrastructure (CNI) organisations on effective use of the Security design principles and CISA, in the US, issued a summary of best practices for the security of Industrial Control Systems (ICS).
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Ransomware: What board members should know and what they should be asking their technical experts

Agency News, Cyber Security CII sector, Industry News
Ransomware is the subject of this spotlight topic for board members, building on the guidance given in the Cyber Security Toolkit for Boards.
The impact of a ransomware attack on an organisation can be devastating. So what should board members be doing to ensure that their organisation is prepared for such a ransomware attack, and in the best possible place to respond quickly ?
This blog, part of the Cyber Security Toolkit for Boards, explains the basics of ransomware, and suggests relevant questions that board members might want to ask their technical experts to help drive greater cyber resilience against these types of attack.
Why should board members concern themselves with ransomware?
Cyber security is a board-level responsibility, and board members should be specifically asking about ransomware as these attacks are becoming both more frequent[1] and more sophisticated.
Ransomware attacks can be massively disruptive to organisations, with victims requiring a significant amount of recovery time to re-enable critical services. These events can also be high profile in nature, with wide public and media interest.
What do board members need to know about ransomware?
Board members don’t need to be able to distinguish their Trickbots and their Ryuks, but knowing the basics of how ransomware works will mean they can have constructive conversations with their technical experts on the subject.
So what do you need to know about ransomware?
- Ransomware is a type of malware that prevents you from accessing your computer (or the data stored on it). Typically, the data is encrypted (so that you can’t use it), but it may also be stolen, or released online.
- Most ransomware we see now is ‘enterprise-wide’. This means it’s not just one user or one machine that is affected but often the whole network. Once they’ve accessed your systems, attackers typically take some time moving around, working out where critical data is saved and how backups are made and stored. Armed with this knowledge the attacker can encrypt the entire network at the most critical moment.
- The attacker will then usually make contact with the victim using an untraceable email address (or an anonymous web page), and demand payment to unlock your computer and/or access your data. Payment is invariably demanded in a cryptocurrency such as Bitcoin and may involve negotiation with the humans behind the ransomware (who have spent time in your organisation’s networks assessing how much you might be willing or able to pay).
- However, even if you do pay the ransom, there is no guarantee that you will get access to your computer, or your files.
- We have also seen cyber criminals threaten to release sensitive data stolen from the network during the attack if the ransom is not paid.
- The government strongly advises against paying ransoms to criminals, including when targeted by ransomware. There are practical reasons for this (see question 4) and also concern that paying ransoms likely encourages cyber criminals to continue such attacks.
Full details at https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/blog-post/what-board-members-should-know-about-ransomware
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Cybersecurity for U.S. critical infrastructure a ‘national-security imperative'

Cyber Security CII sector, Industry News
Protecting U.S. critical infrastructure from the often-debilitating impacts of cyberattacks is a “national imperative” that will require cooperation between the government and private sector, according to Brian Scott, director of critical-infrastructure cybersecurity for the National Security Council (NSC).
Scott said variety of sources—nation-states, state-sponsored actors and cybercriminals—are responsible for the cyberattacks, and many of the impacts have been significant, as recent events have reinforced. Indeed, more than 18,000 entities were deemed vulnerable during the SolarWinds attacks first announced in December, and a ransomware attack on Colonial Pipeline resulted in the shutdown of more than 11,000 gas stations in the southeast U.S., he said.
“Public and private entities are increasingly under constant, sophisticated, malicious and often-unseen probing and attacks from nation-state adversaries and criminals,” Scott said last week during the “Cyber Defenders” online event hosted by Nextgov. “Today more than ever, cybersecurity is a national-security imperative.
“Adversaries and malicious cyber actors see U.S. government and U.S. commercial networks as particularly rich targets and are aggressively working to compromise them.”
Beyond the SolarWinds and Colonial Pipeline incidents, Scott cited compromises to Microsoft Exchange Servers and Pulse Secure VPNs as examples of the challenges facing public and private U.S. entities in an increasingly treacherous cyber environment.
Meanwhile, ransomware attacks last year generated average demands of more than $100,00, with the top ransom demands exceeding $10 million, Scott. And a 2019 study estimated that data breaches cost the company experiencing one an average of $13 million, as well as significant intellectual-property losses.
Full story: https://urgentcomm.com/2021/06/01/cybersecurity-for-u-s-critical-infrastructure-a-national-security-imperative-nsc-official-says/
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FS-ISAC Report Finds Cybercriminals and Nation-State Actors Converging, Increasing Cross-Border and Supply Chain Attacks

Cyber Security CII sector, Industry News
FS-ISAC, the only global cyber intelligence sharing community solely focused on financial services, announced today the findings of its latest report, which found that wittingly or otherwise, nation-states and cyber criminals are leveraging each other’s tools and tactics, leading to an increase in cross-border attacks targeting financial services suppliers.
The pandemic has accelerated digitization, connectivity, and the sector’s interdependence, as demonstrated by recent supply chain incidents. Increasingly, the financial sector needs a trusted conduit of real-time cyber information between institutions and third-parties.
"FS-ISAC was the logical host for us to brief the financial services sector to reach a critical mass of institutions around the world all at once," said Jonathan Yaron, CEO of Accellion. "This way, we could ensure that the industry received critical and correct information via a trusted source, enabling it to act quickly to mitigate the impact of the incident."
“Organizations properly practicing defense-in-depth with multi-layered controls are still vulnerable to large-scale and even systemic issues through third party suppliers,” said J.R. Manes, Global Head of Cyber Intelligence at HSBC. “The FS-ISAC community provides its members the visibility into emerging threats that could impact customers and business, even when they are not directly exposed. Ensuring and encouraging the sharing of cyber threat intelligence is a vital part of the defense of not only the financial sector, but the whole business ecosystem that runs on top of the Internet.”
FS-ISAC’s report outlines today’s top threats:
- Convergence of nation-states and cyber criminals: Nation-state actors are leveraging the skills and tools of cyber criminals, either knowingly or not, to enhance their own capabilities.
- Third-party risk on an upward trend: Suppliers to financial firms will continue to be lucrative targets for threat actors, as shown by three highly visible incidents in the last two quarters.
- Cross-border attacks will increase: Cyber criminals test their attack in one country before hitting multiple continents and sub-verticals, as shown by a DDoS extortion campaign targeting ~100 financial institutions in months.
“Trying to outpace evolving cyber threats diverts resources from a financial firm’s core business,” said Steve Silberstein, FS-ISAC CEO. “As the global fincyber utility, FS-ISAC enables industry-wide cross-border sharing to pool resources, expertise, and capabilities to manage cyber risks and incident response.”
Report Methodology
The Navigating Cyber 2021 report is derived from FS-ISAC’s rigorous threat intelligence monitoring maintained by its intelligence operations team. The intelligence is sourced from FS-ISAC's thousands of member financial firms in more than 70 countries and further augmented by analysis by the Global Intelligence Office. Multiple streams of intelligence were leveraged for the curation of the round-up, which examined data across a one year period from January 2020 to January 2021.
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Large UK organisations offered ten steps to stay ahead of cyber threat

Agency News, Cyber Security CII sector, Industry News

Refreshed 10 Steps to Cyber Security guidance released for cyber security professionals in large and medium sized organisations.

Cyber security professionals at large and medium sized organisations have today been given access to a suite of refreshed guidance to help them stay ahead of current and emerging cyber threats.

The guidance, 10 Steps to Cyber Security, is a collection of advice from the National Cyber Security Centre – a part of GCHQ – that supports CISOs and security professionals keep their company safe by breaking down the task of protecting an organisation into ten components.

It is being unveiled during CYBERUK, a virtual gathering of thought leaders from the cyber security community and hosted by the NCSC.

The 10 Steps to Cyber Security, which were first published in 2012 and are now used by a majority of the FTSE350, have been updated to capture challenges posed by the growth of cloud services, the shift to large-scale home working, and the rise and changing nature of ransomware attacks.

Sarah Lyons, NCSC Deputy Director for Economy and Society, said:

“The cyber threat landscape is constantly evolving and that’s why it’s really important that all businesses understand their cyber risk.

“Our 10 Steps to Cyber Security has been – and continues to be - a fundamental guide for network defenders and this update demonstrates our commitment to securing the UK economy.

“Following our advice will reduce the likelihood of incidents occurring but also minimise impact when they do get through.”

The renewed ten components, all of which consider that home and mobile working is now the default for most large and medium sized organisations, cover:

- Risk management
- Engagement and training
- Asset management
- Architecture and configuration
- Identity and access management
- Vulnerability management
- Data security
- Logging and monitoring
- Incident management
- Supply chain security

The refreshed guidance, which can also be used by charities and public sector organisations, can be used in tandem with the NCSC’s Cyber Security Board Toolkit, which helps frame discussions between technical experts and the Board to ensure that online resilience is a high priority.

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